絕緣擊穿電壓強度試驗儀變壓器參數
(JC)——交流串激式產(chǎn)品 (JZC)——交直流串激式多用型產(chǎn)品
(JZ)——交直流多用型產(chǎn)品 (C)——隔高變壓器(具體參數根據用戶(hù)需要)
絕緣擊穿電壓強度試驗儀變壓器產(chǎn)品結構
TQSB系列輕型高壓試驗變壓器采用單框芯式結構。初級繞組繞在鐵芯上、高壓繞組在外,這種同軸布置減少了漏磁通,因而增大了繞組間的耦合。產(chǎn)品的外殼制成與器芯配合較佳的八角結構,整體外形美觀(guān)大方。其外部結構圖見(jiàn)圖1,內部結構見(jiàn)圖2。
變壓器外部結構示意圖
1—短路桿D 2—均壓球 3—高壓套管
4—變壓器提手 5—油閥 6、7—次壓輸入a、x
8、9—測量端子E F 10—變壓器外殼接地端 11—高壓尾
12—高壓輸出A 13—高壓硅堆 14—變壓器油
15—鐵芯 16—次低壓繞組 17—測量繞組
18—二次高壓繞組
在TQSB試驗變壓器中,a、x為低壓輸入端子,E、F為低度表測量端子,A、X為高壓輸出。
絕緣擊穿電壓強度試驗儀變壓器概述:
TQSB系列輕型交直流高壓試驗變壓器是根據機電部《試驗變壓器》標準在原同類(lèi)產(chǎn)品基礎上經(jīng)過(guò)大量改進(jìn)后而生產(chǎn)的TQSB系列輕型交直流高壓試驗變是在YDJ(G)系列試驗變壓器的基礎上按照國家標準《ZBK-41006-89》經(jīng)過(guò)改進(jìn)后而生產(chǎn)的一種新型產(chǎn)品。本系列產(chǎn)品具有體積小、重量輕、結構緊湊、功能齊全,通用性強和使用方便等特點(diǎn)。特別適用于電力系統、工礦企業(yè)、科研部門(mén)等對各種高壓電氣設備、電氣元件、絕緣材料進(jìn)行匯頻或直流高壓下的絕緣強度試驗。是高壓試驗中*的重要設備。
絕緣擊穿電壓強度試驗儀變壓器工作原理:
TQSB系列輕型高壓試驗變壓器為單相變壓器,聯(lián)結組標號I.I.用二頻220V(10KVA以上為380V)電源接入系列操作箱(臺),經(jīng)操作箱內自耦調壓器(50KVA以上調壓器外附)調節至0-200V(或0-400V)
電壓輸出至TQSB試驗變壓器的初級繞組,根據電磁感應原理,在試驗變壓器高壓繞組可獲得試驗所需的高電壓。
1、 單臺TQSB試驗變壓器的工作原理圖見(jiàn)圖3
2、單臺TQSB試驗變壓器工作原理圖見(jiàn)圖4,圖中高壓套管中裝有高壓硅堆,串接在高壓回路中作半波整流,以獲得直流高電壓。當用一短路桿將高壓硅堆短接時(shí),可獲得工頻高電壓,作為交流輸出狀態(tài),取消短路桿時(shí),作為直流輸出狀態(tài)。
3、三臺試驗變壓器串級獲得更高電壓的結線(xiàn)原理圖 5。串級高壓試驗變壓器有很大的*性,因為整個(gè)試驗裝置由幾臺單臺試驗變壓器組成,單臺試驗變壓器輸出電壓容量小,電壓低、重量輕、便于運輸和安裝,它既然可串接成高出幾倍的單臺試驗變壓器輸出電壓組合使用,又可分開(kāi)成幾套單臺試驗變壓器單獨使用。整套裝置投資小,經(jīng)濟實(shí)惠。圖5中,在*級和第二級的每個(gè)單無(wú)試驗變壓器中都有一個(gè)勵磁繞組A1、C2和A2、C2。在三臺串級試驗變壓器基本原理圖中,低壓電源加在試驗變壓器I的;初級組a1×1組,單臺試驗變壓I、Ⅱ、Ⅲ的輸出電壓都是V。勵磁繞組A1、C1給第三級試驗I Ⅱ的初級繞組供電。第二級試驗變壓器Ⅱ的勵磁繞組A2、C2給第三級試驗變壓器I Ⅱ的初級繞組供電。第二級試驗變壓器Ⅱ和第三級試驗變壓器Ⅱ的箱體分別處在對地為1V和2V的高電位上,氫箱體對地是絕緣的,試驗變壓器I的箱體是接地的。這樣*級、第二級、第三試驗變壓器對地的額定輸出電壓分別為1V、2V、3V、其額定容量分別為3P、2P、1P。
TQSB試驗變壓器高壓套管中的高壓硅堆未畫(huà)出,其原理與上圖相同。
絕緣擊穿電壓強度試驗儀變壓器使用方法:
1、TQSB試驗變做被試品的工頻耐壓試驗使用接線(xiàn)原理圖見(jiàn)圖6。
圖中:R1-限流電阻 FYQ-阻容分壓器 RF-球間隙保護電阻 G-球間隙 Cx-被試品
注:高壓尾必須可靠接地。
工頻耐壓試驗中限流電阻R1應根據試驗變壓器的額定容量來(lái)選擇。如高壓側額定輸出電流在 100-300MA時(shí),可取0.5-1Ω/V(試驗電壓);高壓側額定輸出電流為1A以上時(shí),可取1Ω/V(試驗電壓)。常用水電陰作為限流電阻,管于長(cháng)度可按150KV/m考慮,管子和粗細應具有足夠的熱容量(水阻液配制方法:用蒸餾水加入適量硫酸銅配制成各種不同的陰值)。
球間隙及保護電阻:當電壓超過(guò)球間隙整定值時(shí)(一般取試驗電壓的110%-120%)球間隙放電,對被試品起到保護作用。球間隙保護電阻可按1Ω/V(試驗電壓)選取。
在工頻耐壓試驗中,低壓側測量電壓(儀表電壓)不是非常準確的,其原因是由于試驗變壓器存在著(zhù)漏抗,在這上個(gè)漏抗上必然存在著(zhù)壓降或容升,使試品上的電壓低于或高于低壓側測量電壓表上反映出來(lái)的電壓。工頻耐壓試驗時(shí),被試品上的電壓高于試驗變壓器的輸出電壓,也就是所謂容升現象。感應耐壓試驗時(shí)。試驗變壓器的漏抗必須存在著(zhù)壓降。為了準確測量被試品上所施加電壓,因此常在高壓側接入RCF阻容分壓器來(lái)測量電壓(見(jiàn)圖6)。
絕緣擊穿電壓強度試驗儀變壓器注意事項
(1)試驗人員應做好分工,明確相互間辦法。并有專(zhuān)門(mén)人監護現場(chǎng)安全及觀(guān)察試品狀態(tài)。
(2)被試品應清掃干凈,并干燥,以免損壞被試品和試驗帶來(lái)的誤差。
(3)對丁大型試驗,一般都應先進(jìn)行空升試驗。即不接試品時(shí)升壓至試驗電壓,校對各種表計,調整間隙。
(4)升壓速度不能太快,并必須防止突然加壓。例如調壓器不在零位的突然合閘,也不能突然切斷電源,一般應在調壓器降至零位時(shí)拉閘。
(5)當電壓升至試驗電壓時(shí),開(kāi)始計時(shí),到1min后,迅速降到1/3試驗電壓以下時(shí),才能拉開(kāi)電源。
(6)在升壓或耐壓試驗過(guò)程,如發(fā)現下列不正常情況時(shí),應立即降壓,切斷電源,停止試驗并查明原因:①電壓表指針擺動(dòng)很大;②發(fā)現絕緣燒焦或冒煙;③被試品內有不正常的聲音。
(7)耐壓試驗前后應測量絕緣電阻,檢查絕緣情況。
TQSB試驗變壓器在做被試品的直流耐壓或泄漏試驗時(shí)接線(xiàn)原理圖如圖7。
注:此試驗應先抽出短路桿“D”,圖7中所示。
圖:VD-高壓硅堆 R1-限流電阻 C1-高壓濾波電容
FYQ-阻容分壓器 Cx-被試品 A-帶保護微安表
泄露試驗中限流電阻R1選擇在額定輸出電壓時(shí),輸出端短路電電流不超過(guò)高壓硅堆的zui大整流電流。如電壓硅堆的zui大整流電流為100mA時(shí)用于60KV的試驗裝置中限流電陰按R1=60/0,1=600KΩ選擇。限流電阻按R1=60/01=600KΩ選擇,限流電阻應具有足夠的容量和沿面放電距離。高壓濾流電容C1一般選擇在0.01-0.1HF,當被試品的電容量很大時(shí),C1可省略不用。
泄漏試驗的操作及注意事項
(1)試驗前應先檢查被試品是否停電,接地放電,一切對外連線(xiàn)是否擦凈。要嚴防將試驗電壓加到人工作部位上去。
(2)接好試驗裝置的接線(xiàn)后,應復查無(wú)誤后才可加壓。應特別注意檢查高壓設備及引線(xiàn)與地與操作人員的安全距離,被試品的外殼是否可靠接地,要按安全規程中所規定的內容進(jìn)行試驗。
(3)對于大電容量設備應緩慢升壓,防止被試品的充電電流燒壞微安表。必要時(shí)應分級加壓,分別讀取各級電壓下微安表的穩定讀數。
(4)試驗過(guò)程,應密切監視被試品、試驗裝置、微安表,一旦發(fā)生擊穿、閃爍等異?,F象應立即降壓,切斷電源,并查明原因,詳細記錄。
(5)試驗完畢,降壓,切斷電源后應將被試品及試驗裝置本身充分放電。
絕緣擊穿電壓強度試驗儀變壓器注意事項
1、按照您所進(jìn)行的試驗接好工作線(xiàn)路。試驗變壓器的外殼以及操作系統的外殼必須可靠接地,試驗變壓器的高壓繞阻的x端(高壓尾)以及測量繞組的F端必須可靠接地。
2、做串級試驗時(shí),第二級、第三級試驗變壓器的低壓繞組的X端,測量繞阻的F端以及高壓繞組的X端(高壓尾)均接本級試驗變壓器的外殼,第二級、第三級試驗變壓器的外殼必須通過(guò)絕緣支架接地。
3、接通電源前,操作系統的調壓器必須調 到零位后方可接通電源,合閘,開(kāi)始升壓。
4、從零開(kāi)始勻帶旋轉調壓器手輪升壓。升壓方式有:快速升壓法,即20S逐級升壓法;慢速升壓法,即60S逐級升壓法;極慢速升壓法供選用。電壓從零開(kāi)始按一定的升壓方式和速度上升到您所需的額定試驗電壓的75%后,再以每秒2%額定試驗電壓從零開(kāi)始按一定的升壓方式和速度上升到您所需的額定試驗電壓,并密切注意測量?jì)x表的批示以及被試品的情況。升壓過(guò)程中或試驗過(guò)程中如發(fā)現測量?jì)x表的指示及被試品情況異常,應立即降壓??切斷電源,查明情況。
5、試驗完畢后,應在數秒內勻速的將調壓器返回至零位,然后切斷電源。
6、本產(chǎn)品有得超過(guò)額定參數使用。除試驗必需外,決不允許全電壓通電或斷電。
7、使用本產(chǎn)品做高壓試驗時(shí),除熟悉本說(shuō)明外,還必須嚴格執行國家有關(guān)標準和操作規程,可參照GB311-83《高壓輸變設備的絕緣配合,高壓試驗技術(shù)》;《電氣設備預防性試驗規程》等。
絕緣擊穿電壓強度試驗儀變壓器配套產(chǎn)品
1、操作系統:
XZC系列操作箱:容量:1KVA-5KVA,輸入電壓:0.22KV
KZT系列操作臺:容量:10K/A-300KVA輸入電壓:0.22KV 、0.38KV
2、保護式數字微安表SWB-Ⅱ
3、阻容式交直流分壓器FYQ-50、100、150、220KV
4、高壓直流放電棒FZ-70、140、210KV
5、高壓硅堆:2DL-150、300、450KV
6、絕緣支架50、100、200、300KV
7、高壓濾波電容0.01UF,40-100KV
8、均壓球
9、保護球隙:Q-50、100、150、200、250、500
10、標準試油杯400ml
11、介質(zhì)油杯
12、折疊式小推車(chē)150、300型
13、水電阻
14、高壓驗電器10KV、35KV
15、高壓定相器10KV、35KV/110KV、220KV
16、各種萬(wàn)用表、兆歐表及測試線(xiàn)
絕緣擊穿電壓強度試驗儀變壓器試驗變壓器的容量選擇:
標準試驗變壓器容量Pn的確定公式:Pn=KVn2ωct×10-9。
式中:Pn—標稱(chēng)試驗變壓器容量(KVA)
Vn—試驗變壓器的額定輸出高壓的有效值(KV)
K—安全系數。K≥1,標稱(chēng)電壓Vn≥1MV時(shí),K=2,標稱(chēng)電壓較低時(shí),K值可取高一些,
ct—被試品的電容量(PF)
ω—角頻率, 2лf.F-試驗電源的頻率。
被試設備的電容量ct可由交流電橋測出。Ct的變化很大,可由設備的類(lèi)型
而定。典型數據如下:
簡(jiǎn)單的棒式或懸掛式絕緣子 幾十微法
簡(jiǎn)單的分級套管 100-1000PF
電壓互感器 200-500PF
電壓變壓器<1000KVA -1000PF
>1000KVA 1000-10000PF
高壓電力電纜和油浸紙絕緣 250-300PF/m
氣體絕緣 -60PF/m
封閉變電站,SF6氣體絕緣 100-10000PF
對于不同的試驗電壓Vn,選擇不同的(適當的)安全系數K。以下列出不同的Vn所選用的K值供參考。
Vn=50-100KV K=4
Vn=150-300KV K=3
Vn>300KV K=2
(JC) - AC series excited products (JZC) - AC and DC series excited multi use products
(JZ) - AC and DC multi-purpose products (C) - high isolation transformers (specific parameters based on user needs)
Insulation breakdown voltage strength tester transformer product structure
TQSB series high voltage test transformer adopts single frame core structure. The primary winding is wound around the iron core and the high voltage winding is outside, and the coaxial arrangement reduces the leakage flux, thereby increasing the coupling between the windings. The outer shell of the product is made of the octagonal structure which is better matched with the core. Figure 1 shows the external structure, the internal structure is shown in figure 2.
Schematic diagram of transformer external structure
1 - short circuit rod D 2 - equalizing ball 3 - high pressure bushing
4 - 5 - 6 handle transformer oil valve, 7 pressure input a, X
8, 9 - measuring terminal E F 10 - transformer shell grounding terminal 11 - high pressure tail
12 - high voltage output A 13 - high voltage silicon stack - transformer oil 14
15 - core 16 - low voltage winding 17 - measuring winding
Two - 18 high voltage winding
In the TQSB test transformer, a, X is a low voltage input terminal, E, F is a low meter measuring terminal, A, X for high voltage output.
Transformer insulation breakdown voltage tester:
TQSB series light AC / DC high voltage test transformer based on TQSB series light AC / DC high voltage test transformer "standard" Department of electrical test after a lot of improvement in the original basis of similar products and the production of the change in YDJ (G) series of experiments on the transformer in accordance with the national standard of a new product - "ZBK-41006-89" after improvement and production. This series of products has the characteristics of small size, light weight, compact structure, complete functions, high versatility and easy to use. The utility model is especially suitable for electric power systems, industrial and mining enterprises, scientific research departments, etc., to test the insulation strength of various high-voltage electrical equipment, electrical components and insulation materials under the condition of high frequency or high voltage. It is an important equipment in high voltage test.
Insulation breakdown voltage strength tester:
TQSB series light high voltage test transformer for single-phase transformer connection with two I.I. frequency 220V (10KVA over 380V) power series operation box (Taiwan), the operation box of the autotransformer (above 50KVA regulator Ex) adjusted to 0-200V (or 0-400V)
The voltage is output to the primary winding of the TQSB test transformer. According to the principle of electromagnetic induction, the high voltage of the transformer high voltage winding can be obtained.
1. The working principle of single TQSB test transformer is shown in Figure 3
2, a single TQSB test transformer schematic diagram is shown in Figure 4, the figure of the high-voltage bushing with a high-voltage silicon stack, series connected to the high voltage circuit for half wave rectifier, in order to obtain high voltage dc. When a short circuit rod is used to connect the high voltage silicon short circuit, the high frequency power voltage can be obtained as the AC output state.
3, the three test transformer cascade to obtain higher voltage wiring diagram of the principle of 5. Cascade high voltage test transformer has great superiority, because the test device is composed of several single test single test transformer. The output voltage of the transformer capacity is small, low voltage, light weight, convenient transportation and installation, since it can be connected in series into a single test of high output voltage of the transformer using the combination of several times, it can be divided into several sets of single test transformer used alone. The whole set of equipment investment is small, economic benefits. In Figure 5, there is an excitation winding A1, C2, A2,, and C2 in each of the first and the second test transformers. In the basic diagram of the three series of test transformer, the low voltage power supply is added to the test transformer I; the primary group is A1 * 1, and the output voltage of a single test transformer I, II, III is V. Excitation winding A1, C1 to the primary winding power supply of third test I ii. The excitation windings A2 and C2 of the second stage test transformer II are used to supply the primary winding of the second stage test transformer I. The second test transformer II and the second test transformer box are respectively at the high potential of 1V and 2V on the ground, and the hydrogen box body is insulated to the ground. The box body of the test transformer I is grounded. So the first level, second, third test transformer rated output voltage to the ground were 1V, 2V, 3V, respectively, the rated capacity of 3P, 2P, 1P.
The high voltage silicon stack in the HV bushing of the TQSB test transformer is not drawn.
Insulation breakdown voltage strength tester:
1, TQSB test to do the test of the power frequency withstand voltage test wiring diagram is shown in figure 6.
Figure: R1- current limiting resistor FYQ- resistance divider RF- ball gap protection resistance G- ball gap Cx- sample
Note: high voltage tail must be grounded reliably.
The current limiting resistance R1 should be selected according to the rated capacity of the transformer. Such as high voltage side rated output current at 100-300MA, desirable 0.5-1 /V (test voltage); high voltage side rated output current of 1A or more, desirable 1 /V (test voltage). Used as a current limiting resistor Yin hydropower, tube in length can be considered as 150KV/m, and the pipe thickness should have sufficient thermal capacity (preparation method: water resistance liquid with distilled water, adding proper amount of copper sulfate made different kinds of Yin value).
Ball gap and protective resistance: when the voltage exceeds the ball gap setting value (generally take the test voltage of 110%-120%) ball gap discharge